Многие программы, которые работают с сетью рассчитаны на подключение к определенным портам. Интернет браузеры, например Internet Explorer, используют в своей работе порт 80. Почтовые программы, например Outlook Express, используют 2 порта, для отправки почты порт 25 и для приема 110 порт. Если вы усатновите программу для обмена файлами emule, то она откроет, необходимые для своей работы порты 4662 и 4672. Таким образом, если ваш компьютер не защищен, то каждая программа, установленная на вашем компьютере сможет открыть, необходимый ей порт. Точно также любая программа извне может подключиться к любому порту вашего компьютера. Например, вам могут одним из многих способов подбросить программу – трояна (пример - I-Worm.MyDoom), которая откроет на вашем компьютере порт (пример - 3127), через который спокойно вынесет всю вашу важную информацию. Чтобы этого не произошло необходимо пользоваться программами, которые предназначены для закрытия неиспользуемых портов. Такие программы называют Firewalls. Что это за программы и как с ними работать мы узнаем с вами в следующей статье. Я собрал все основные порты и их краткое описание.

Описание всех портов

1=tcp-mux - tcp port service multiplexer
2=compressnet - management utility
3=compressnet - compression process
5=rje - remote job entry
7=echo - echo
9=discard - discard
11=sysstat - system status
13=daytime - daytime
15=netstat - network status
17=qotd - quote of the day
18=msp - message send protocol
19=chargen - character generator
20=ftp-data - file transfer protocol [default data]
21=ftp - file transfer protocol [control]
22=ssh - ssh (secure shell) remote login protocol
23=telnet - telnet
24=pms - private mail system
25=smtp - simple mail transfer protocol
27=nsw-fe - nsw user system fe
29=msg-icp - messege icp
31=msg-auth - messege authentication
33=dsp - display support protocol
35=pps - private printer server
37=time - time
38=rap - route access protocol
39=rlp - resource location protocol
41=graphics - graphics
42=nameserver - host name server
43=whois - who is
44=mpm-flags - mpm flags protocol
45=mpm - message processing module [recv]
46=mpm-snd - mpm [default send]
47=ni-ftp - ni ftp (file transfer protocol)
48=auditd - digital audit daemon
49=bbn-login - login host protocol (tacacs)
50=re-mail-ck - remote mail checking protocol
51=la-maint - imp logical address maintenance
52=xns-time - xns time protocol
53=domain - domain name server
54=xns-ch - xns clearinghouse
55=isi-gl - isi graphics language
56=xns-auth - xns authentication
57=mtp - private terminal access
58=xns-mail - xns mail
59=pfs - private file system
60=unassigned
61=ni-mail - ni mail
62=acas - aca services
63=whois++ - whois++
64=covia - communications integrator (ci)
65=tacacs-ds - tacacs-database service
66=sql*net - oracle sql*net
67=bootps - bootstrap protocol server
68=bootpc - bootstrap protocol client
69=tftp - trivial file transfer protocol
70=gopher - gopher
71=netrjs-1 - remote job service
72=netrjs-2 - remote job service
73=netrjs-3 - remote job service
74=netrjs-4 - remote job service
75=pdos - private dial out service
76=deos - distributed external object store
77=rje - private rje (remote job entry) service
78=vettcp - vettcp
79=finger - finger
80=www-http - world wide web http (hyper text transfer protocol)
81=hosts2-ns - hosts2 name server
82=xfer - xfer utility
83=mit-ml-dev - mit ml device
84=ctf - common trace facility
85=mit-ml-dev - mit ml device
86=mfcobol - micro focus cobol
87=link - private terminal link
88=kerberos - kerberos
89=su-mit-tg - su/mit telnet gateway
90=dnsix - dnsix securit attribute token map
91=mit-dov - mit dover spooler
92=npp - network printing protocol
93=dcp - device control protocol
94=objcall - tivoli object dispatcher
95=supdup - supdup
96=dixie - dixie protocol specification
97=swift-rvf - swift remote virtural file protocol
98=tacnews - tac news
99=metagram - metagram relay
100=newacct - [unauthorized use]
101=hostnames - nic host name server
102=iso-tsap - iso-tsap class 0
103=x400 - x400
104=x400-snd - x400-snd
105=csnet-ns - mailbox name nameserver
106=3com-tsmux - 3com-tsmux
107=rtelnet - remote telnet service
108=snagas - sna gateway access server
109=pop - post office protocol - version 2
110=pop3 - post office protocol - version 3
111=sunrpc - sun remote procedure call
112=mcidas - mcidas data transmission protocol
113=ident - authentication service
114=audionews - audio news multicast
115=sftp - simple file transfer protocol
116=ansanotify - ansa rex notify
117=uucp-path - uucp path service
118=sqlserv - sql services
119=nntp - network news transfer protocol
120=cfdptkt - cfdptkt
121=erpc - encore expedited remote pro.call
122=smakynet - smakynet
123=ntp - network time protocol
124=ansatrader - ansa rex trader
125=locus-map - locus pc-interface net map ser
126=unitary - unisys unitary login
127=locus-con - locus pc-interface conn server
128=gss-xlicen - gss x license verification
129=pwdgen - password generator protocol
130=cisco-fna - cisco fnative
131=cisco-tna - cisco tnative
132=cisco-sys - cisco sysmaint
133=statsrv - statistics service
134=ingres-net - ingres-net service
135=rpc-locator - rpc (remote procedure call) location service
136=profile - profile naming system
137=netbios-ns - netbios name service
138=netbios-dgm - netbios datagram service
139=netbios-ssn - netbios session service
140=emfis-data - emfis data service
141=emfis-cntl - emfis control service
142=bl-idm - britton-lee idm
143=imap - interim mail access protocol v2
144=news - news
145=uaac - uaac protocol
146=iso-tp0 - iso-ip0
147=iso-ip - iso-ip
148=cronus - cronus-support
149=aed-512 - aed 512 emulation service
150=sql-net - sql-net
151=hems - hems
152=bftp - background file transfer program
153=sgmp - sgmp
154=netsc-prod - netsc
155=netsc-dev - netsc
156=sqlsrv - sql service
157=knet-cmp - knet/vm command/message protocol
158=pcmail-srv - pcmail server
159=nss-routing - nss-routing
160=sgmp-traps - sgmp-traps
161=snmp - snmp (simple network management protocol)
162=snmptrap - snmptrap (simple network management protocol)
163=cmip-man - cmip/tcp manager
164=cmip-agent - cmip/tcp agent
165=xns-courier - xerox
166=s-net - sirius systems
167=namp - namp
168=rsvd - rsvd
169=send - send
170=print-srv - network postscript
171=multiplex - network innovations multiplex
172=cl/1 - network innovations cl/1
173=xyplex-mux - xyplex
174=mailq - mailq
175=vmnet - vmnet
176=genrad-mux - genrad-mux
177=xdmcp - x display manager control protocol
178=nextstep - nextstep window server
179=bgp - border gateway protocol
180=ris - intergraph
181=unify - unify
182=audit - unisys audit sitp
183=ocbinder - ocbinder
184=ocserver - ocserver
185=remote-kis - remote-kis
186=kis - kis protocol
187=aci - application communication interface
188=mumps - plus five's mumps
189=qft - queued file transport
190=gacp - gateway access control protocol
191=prospero - prospero directory service
192=osu-nms - osu network monitoring system
193=srmp - spider remote monitoring protocol
194=irc - internet relay chat protocol
195=dn6-nlm-aud - dnsix network level module audit
196=dn6-smm-red - dnsix session mgt module audit redir
197=dls - directory location service
198=dls-mon - directory location service monitor
199=smux - smux
200=src - ibm system resource controller
201=at-rtmp - appletalk routing maintenance
202=at-nbp - appletalk name binding
203=at-3 - appletalk unused
204=at-echo - appletalk echo
205=at-5 - appletalk unused
206=at-zis - appletalk zone information
207=at-7 - appletalk unused
208=at-8 - appletalk unused
209=qmtp - the quick mail transfer protocol
210=z39.50 - ansi z39.50
211=914c/g - texas instruments 914c/g terminal
212=anet - atexsstr
213=ipx - ipx
214=vmpwscs - vm pwscs
215=softpc - insignia solutions
216=cailic - computer associates int'l license server
217=dbase - dbase unix
218=mpp - netix message posting protocol
219=uarps - unisys arps
220=imap3 - interactive mail access protocol v3
221=fln-spx - berkeley rlogind with spx auth
222=rsh-spx - berkeley rshd with spx auth
223=cdc - certificate distribution center
242=direct -
243=sur-meas - survey measurement
244=dayna -
245=link - link
246=dsp3270 - display systems protocol
247=subntbcst_tftp -
248=bhfhs -
256=rap -
257=set - secure electronic transaction
258=yak-chat - yak winsock personal chat
259=esro-gen - efficient short remote operations
260=openport -
261=nsiiops - iiop name service over tls/ssl
262=arcisdms -
263=hdap -
264=bgmp -
280=http-mgmt -
281=personal-link -
282=cableport-ax - cable port a/x
308=novastorbakcup - novastor backup
309=entrusttime -
310=bhmds -
311=asip-webadmin - appleshare ip webadmin
312=vslmp -
313=magenta-logic -
314=opalis-robot -
315=dpsi -
316=decauth -
317=zannet -
321=pip -
344=pdap - prospero data access protocol
345=pawserv - perf analysis workbench
346=zserv - zebra server
347=fatserv - fatmen server
348=csi-sgwp - cabletron management protocol
349=mftp -
350=matip-type-a - matip type a
351=matip-type-b - matip type b or bhoetty
352=dtag-ste-sb - dtag, or bhoedap4
353=ndsauth -
354=bh611 -
355=datex-asn -
356=cloanto-net-1 - cloanto net 1
357=bhevent -
358=shrinkwrap -
359=tenebris_nts - tenebris network trace service
360=scoi2odialog -
361=semantix -
362=srssend - srs send
363=rsvp_tunnel -
364=aurora-cmgr -
365=dtk - deception tool kit
366=odmr -
367=mortgageware -
368=qbikgdp -
369=rpc2portmap -
370=codaauth2 -
371=clearcase - clearcase
372=ulistserv - unix listserv
373=legent-1 - legent corporation
374=legent-2 - legent corporation
375=hassle - hassle
376=nip - amiga envoy network inquiry proto
377=tnetos - nec corporation
378=dsetos - nec corporation
379=is99c - tia/eia/is-99 modem client
380=is99s - tia/eia/is-99 modem server
381=hp-collector - hp performance data collector
382=hp-managed-node - hp performance data managed node
383=hp-alarm-mgr - hp performance data alarm manager
384=arns - a remote network server system
385=ibm-app - ibm application 386=asa - asa message router object def.
387=aurp - appletalk update-based routing pro.
388=unidata-ldm - unidata ldm version 4
389=ldap - lightweight directory access protocol
390=uis – uis

391=synotics-relay - synoptics snmp relay port
392=synotics-broker - synoptics port broker port
393=dis - data interpretation system
394=embl-ndt - embl nucleic data transfer
395=netcp - netscout control protocol
396=netware-ip - novell netware over ip
397=mptn - multi protocol trans. net.
398=kryptolan - kryptolan
399=iso-tsap-c2 - iso transport class 2 non-control over tcp
400=work-sol - workstation solutions
401=ups - uninterruptible power supply
402=genie - genie protocol
403=decap - decap
404=nced - nced
405=ncld - ncld
406=imsp - interactive mail support protocol
407=timbuktu - timbuktu
408=prm-sm - prospero resource manager sys. man.
409=prm-nm - prospero resource manager node man.
410=decladebug - decladebug remote debug protocol
411=rmt - remote mt protocol
412=synoptics-trap - trap convention port
413=smsp - smsp
414=infoseek - infoseek
415=bnet - bnet
416=silverplatter - silverplatter
417=onmux - onmux
418=hyper-g - hyper-g
419=ariel1 - ariel
420=smpte - smpte
421=ariel2 - ariel
422=ariel3 - ariel
423=opc-job-start - ibm operations planning and control start
424=opc-job-track - ibm operations planning and control track
425=icad-el - icad
426=smartsdp - smartsdp
427=svrloc - server location
428=ocs_cmu - ocs_cmu
429=ocs_amu - ocs_amu

430=utmpsd - utmpsd
431=utmpcd - utmpcd
432=iasd - iasd
433=nnsp - nnsp
434=mobileip-agent - mobileip-agent
435=mobilip-mn - mobilip-mn
436=dna-cml - dna-cml
437=comscm - comscm
438=dsfgw - dsfgw
439=dasp - dasp
440=sgcp - sgcp
441=decvms-sysmgt - decvms-sysmgt
442=cvc_hostd - cvc_hostd
443=https - https (hyper text transfer protocol secure) - ssl (secure
socket layer)
444=snpp - simple network paging protocol
445=microsoft-ds - microsoft-ds
446=ddm-rdb - ddm-rdb
447=ddm-dfm - ddm-rfm
448=ddm-byte - ddm-byte
449=as-servermap - as server mapper
450=tserver - tserver
451=sfs-smp-net - cray network semaphore server
452=sfs-config - cray sfs config server
453=creativeserver - creativeserver
454=contentserver - contentserver
455=creativepartnr - creativepartnr
456=macon-tcp - macon-tcp
457=scohelp - scohelp
458=appleqtc - apple quick time
459=ampr-rcmd - ampr-rcmd
460=skronk - skronk
461=datasurfsrv - datarampsrv
462=datasurfsrvsec - datarampsrvsec
463=alpes - alpes
464=kpasswd - kpasswd
465=ssmtp - ssmtp
466=digital-vrc - digital-vrc
467=mylex-mapd - mylex-mapd
468=photuris - proturis
469=rcp - radio control protocol
470=scx-proxy - scx-proxy
471=mondex - mondex
472=ljk-login - ljk-login
473=hybrid-pop - hybrid-pop
474=tn-tl-w1 - tn-tl-w1
475=tcpnethaspsrv - tcpnethaspsrv
476=tn-tl-fd1 - tn-tl-fd1
477=ss7ns - ss7ns
478=spsc - spsc
479=iafserver - iafserver
480=iafdbase - iafdbase
481=ph - ph service
482=bgs-nsi - bgs-nsi
483=ulpnet - ulpnet
484=integra-sme - integra software management environment
485=powerburst - air soft power burst
486=avian - avian
487=saft - saft
488=gss-http - gss-http
489=nest-protocol - nest-protocol
490=micom-pfs - micom-pfs
491=go-login - go-login
492=ticf-1 - transport independent convergence for fna
493=ticf-2 - transport independent convergence for fna
494=pov-ray - pov-ray
495=intecourier -
496=pim-rp-disc -
497=dantz -
498=siam -
499=iso-ill - iso ill protocol
500=isakmp -
501=stmf -
502=asa-appl-proto -
503=intrinsa -
504=citadel -
505=mailbox-lm -
506=ohimsrv -
507=crs -
508=xvttp -
509=snare -
510=fcp - firstclass protocol
511=passgo -
512=exec - remote process execution
513=login - remote login via telnet;
514=shell - automatic remote process execution
515=printer - printer spooler
516=videotex -
517=talk -
518=ntalk -
519=utime - unix time
520=efs - extended file server
521=ripng -
522=ulp -
523=ibm-db2 -
524=ncp -
525=timed - time server 526=tempo - newdate
527=stx - stock ixchange
528=custix - customer ixchange
529=irc-serv -
530=courier - rpc
531=conference - chat
532=netnews - readnews
533=netwall - emergency broadcasts
534=mm-admin - megamedia admin
535=iiop -
536=opalis-rdv -
537=nmsp - networked media streaming protocol
538=gdomap -
539=apertus-ldp - apertus technologies load determination
540=uucp - uucpd (unix to unix copy)
541=uucp-rlogin - uucp (unix to unix copy) - rlogin (remote login)
542=commerce -
543=klogin -
544=kshell - krcmd
545=appleqtcsrvr - apple qtcsrvr
546=dhcp-client - dhcp (dynamic host configuration protocol) client
547=dhcp-server - dhcp (dynamic host configuration protocol) server
548=afpovertcp - afp over tcp
549=idfp -
550=new-rwho - new-who
551=cybercash - cybercash
552=deviceshare - deviceshare
553=pirp - pirp
554=rtsp - real time stream control protocol
555=dsf -
556=remotefs - rfs (remote file system) server
557=openvms-sysipc - openvms-sysipc
558=sdnskmp - sdnskmp
559=teedtap - teedtap
560=rmonitor - rmonitord
561=monitor -
562=chshell - chcmd
563=snews - snews
564=9pfs - plan 9 file service
565=whoami - whoami
566=streettalk - streettalk
567=banyan-rpc - banyan-rpc
568=ms-shuttle - microsoft shuttle
569=ms-rome - microsoft rome
570=meter - demon
571=meter - udemon
572=sonar - sonar
573=banyan-vip - banyan-vip
574=ftp-agent - ftp software agent system
575=vemmi - vemmi
576=ipcd -
577=vnas -
578=ipdd -
579=decbsrv -
580=sntp-heartbeat -
581=bdp - bundle discovery protocol
582=scc-security -
583=philips-vc - philips video-conferencing
584=keyserver -
585=imap4-ssl - imap4+ssl
586=password-chg -
587=submission -
588=cal -
589=eyelink -
590=tns-cml -
591=http-alt - filemaker, inc. - http alternate
592=eudora-set -
593=http-rpc-epmap - http rpc ep map
594=tpip -
595=cab-protocol -
596=smsd -
597=ptcnameservice - ptc name service
598=sco-websrvrmg3 - sco web server manager 3
599=acp - aeolon core protocol
600=ipcserver - sun ipc server
606=urm - cray unified resource manager
607=nqs - nqs
608=sift-uft - sender-initiated/unsolicited file transfer
609=npmp-trap - npmp-trap
610=npmp-local - npmp-local
611=npmp-gui - npmp-gui
628=qmqp - qmail quick mail queueing
633=servstat - service status update (sterling software)
634=ginad - ginad
635=mount - nfs mount service
636=ldapssl - ldap over ssl
640=pcnfs - pc-nfs dos authentication
650=bwnfs - bw-nfs dos authentication
666=doom - doom id software
674=port

Продолжение в следующей статье...